Results

Common Fields

Comments: Stage of Life: Foal Antibiotics should be broad spectrum and based on culture and sensitivity results when possible. To increase the likelihood of culturing an organism from a joint, synovial fluid should be placed in a blood culture vial. Foals less than 3 weeks of age usually have multiple joints involved whereas older foals usually have only 1 joint or physis affected. In the simple, acute septic joint without bony or physeal involvement, needle lavage(s) may be all that is required. Local antibiotic treatment with a single antibiotic can be above MIC for 24 hrs. For regional limb perfusion in foals, use the correct dose and subtract from the systemic dose of drugs within the same class. For instance, if a foal is receiving 1.4 g amikacin, IV, once daily, the regional limb perfusion dose of one-third of the total body dose (0.5 g amikacin) should be subtracted from the systemic dose, and both should be administered as close to the same time as possible to avoid inadvertent overdosing. Treat the joint until the percent of neutrophils in the joint fluid is <80%. Systemic antibiotics are continued for a minimum of 2 weeks beyond resolution of clinical signs. For physeal infections, treat adjoining joint. Local antibiotics are discontinued one week after clinical signs disappear or lack of continued bony lysis on radiographs. Oral antibiotics are continued for 2-4 weeks after local antibiotics are discontinued.

Common Pathogens: Enterobacteriaceae (especially <a href="https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/veterinary-resources/pugs/pathogens/escherichia-coli/">E coli </a>), <a href="https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/veterinary-resources/pugs/pathogens/salmonella-spp/">Salmonella spp., </a> <a href="https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/veterinary-resources/pugs/pathogens/actinobacillus-equuli/">Actinobacillus equuli, </a> <a href="https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/veterinary-resources/pugs/pathogens/klebsiella-spp/">Klebsiella spp., </a> <a href="https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/veterinary-resources/pugs/pathogens/staphylococcus-spp/">Staphylococcus spp., </a> <a href="https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/veterinary-resources/pugs/pathogens/streptococcus-spp/">Streptococcus spp., </a> If <a href="https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/veterinary-resources/pugs/pathogens/rhodococcus-equi/">Rhodococcus equi </a> is suspected see R. equi (link to R. equi section)

Antimicrobial(s): Intrasynovial antibiotic therapy: 1. Amikacin 500-1000mg 2. Gentamicin 150-500 mg 3. Cefazolin 250-500 mg 4. Ceftiofur sodium 150 mg Regional intravenous limb perfusion (RIVLP): (a rough guide is 1/3 of the systemic dose) 1. Amikacin 500-1000mg for smaller areas (digits) /2-2.5g for distal limb 2. Gentamicin 100-300mg 3. Ceftiofur sodium 1-2g 5. Na Penicillin 10 million units (can be combined with an aminoglycoside) Systemic antibiotics 1. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or 2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or 3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or COMBINED WITH EITHER 4. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or 5. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h OR MONOTHERAPY WITH 2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IM or IV q12h or 6. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h

Duration: Duration: See comments; RIVLP is usually repeated q24 to q48h for 3-5 Days