Veterinary Workforce Shortage

The Issue

Across Canada, veterinary professionals (veterinarians and veterinary technologists/technicians) are increasingly concerned with the current state of the veterinary profession and its future. A severe shortage of veterinary professionals is negatively impacting the health and well-being of the veterinary workforce and places additional pressures on the level of quality care they can provide for their clients.

Why it Matters

The shortage of veterinary professionals is a worldwide issue. In Canada, clinic owners and other veterinary employers struggle to hire and retain veterinary professionals while maintaining the highest levels of quality care for their clients. Canadian veterinary colleges’ annual graduation rates for veterinarians barely meet the rate of attrition from the profession.

According to the Canadian Occupational Projection System, veterinarians are expected to face labour shortage conditions over the period of 2022-2031 at the national level. The number of job openings (arising from expansion demand and replacement demand) for veterinarians are expected to total 5,000, while the number of job seekers (arising from school leavers, immigration and mobility) is expected to total 4,300.

Net annual growth to the veterinary professional base in Canada is essential to retaining veterinary professionals and continuing to provide quality service for veterinary clients. In a highly competitive market for veterinary professionals worldwide, it is imperative to address these Canada-wide shortages urgently.

Please find Related Links to all information referenced at the bottom of the page.

Workforce Advisory Group members

Chair:

  • Dr. Phil Buote

Members:

  • Mr. Joel Neuheimer
  • Dr. Rob Ashburner
  • Dr. Melanie Hicks
  • Dr. Jean Gauvin
  • Dr. Stephanie Van Deynze-Snell
  • Ms. Ivana Novosel, RVT
  • Dr. Erin MacDonald

CVMA Staff Resource:

CVMA Action

The CVMA has initiated the Veterinary Workforce Project to assist and support veterinary stakeholders in identifying and delivering solutions to both veterinary workforce shortages and workplace well-being.

Updates on the Priority Pathways:

  • A member survey was launched in early September to inform a second set of Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) immigration webinars that were hosted by CVMA in December 2023.
  • The CVMA now offers an Immigration Concierge Service to help members navigate the process for recruiting foreign trained veterinarians and veterinary technologists/technicians for employment in Canada. This includes helping members connect with Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) Outreach Officers and Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) program officials to flag an issue; determine the status of immigration files and work permits; identifying federal and provincial programming to help foreign trained hires naturalize to Canada; and factors to consider when using an immigration consultant to help with the process.

    • Please contact Mike Bradshaw if you are currently in the process of bringing a foreign trained veterinarian or veterinary technologist/technician to Canada for employment or thinking about it and have questions.  This concierge service is free to CVMA members.

       

 

A set of research articles offering information to improve veterinary team member retention and service delivery have been selected and reviewed for CVMA members. These recent articles explore topics such as cost of treatment, utilization of veterinary technologists, veterinary healthcare team dynamics, communications with companion animal owners, and other key areas and activities. Additional articles will be added as they are identified and validated for their relevance to veterinary practices. Please share relevant articles with Mike Bradshaw, CVMA’s Workforce Supply project manager.

Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

  • The 'Strategies for Recruiting Foreign-Trained Veterinarians' webinars on Friday, March 15, Monday, March 18, and Tuesday, March 19 outlined strategies for recruiting foreign-trained veterinarians to address the industry's talent demand in Canada. It covered global accredited veterinary colleges, the international mobility program, and the temporary foreign worker program, providing insight into recruitment processes and opportunities.

    • Click here for the English recording and here for the French recording.

  • In December, the CVMA and IRCC collaborated for a second time to develop and deliver ten region-specific webinars. The webinars were presented on December 4, 5, 6, 7 and 11, 2023 and explained the immigration pathways best suited to recruiting and retaining internationally trained veterinarians.
  • The CVMA also collaborated with IRCC to develop and deliver seven regional (Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba/Saskatchewan, Alberta/Yukon/NWT, and British Columbia) webinars on February 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, March 2 and March 29, 2023.
    • This set of webinars had a total of 487 registrants and 240 participants from across Canada.
    • Participant questions touched on specific cases on how best to reduce delays, confirm the status of an application or resolve overly long processing cycle times. Participants were provided with contact information to discuss specific issues with the IRCC's Dedicated Service Channel.
  • IRCC is also conducting a broad-based engagement initiative to consult on the “Immigration System for Canada’s Future.”
    • As part of the consultation, IRCC is reaching out to provinces and territories for feedback on their immigration requirements, including a revised stream for health professionals that could include veterinarians and veterinary technicians and technologists.
    • Efforts are now under way to ensure the inclusion of veterinarians and veterinary technicians and technologists in any new or revised immigration programs that may wave Labour Market Impact Assessments (LMIAs) and other immigration requirements.

Employment and Skills Development Canada

  • Discussions with Employment and Skills Development Canada (ESDC) and a review of their Canadian Occupation Project System (COPS) confirms the supply of Veterinarians in Canada is in a structural supply deficit in the short term and the longer term (2031). This hard data will be used by the newly retained government relations firm to inform their efforts to secure greater Labour Market Impact Assessment flexibilities.

  • The Manitoba Veterinary Medical Association (MVMA), in partnership with the Winnipeg Humane Society (WHS) and the Government of Manitoba, unveiled the Limited Access Vaccinator Program, slated to begin on June 1, 2024.
    • This initiative is specially designed to deliver crucial veterinary services to underserved areas, focusing on communities located above the North 53rd parallel and all First Nations communities in Manitoba.
    • The program's training will include how to administer over-the-counter medications like non-prescription deworming medications, microchips, and combination vaccines for cats.
      • Read more about the program here.
  • The governments of Canada and British Columbia, under the Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership, launched a new initiative for veterinary and veterinary technologist students working in BC food animal practices.
    • Veterinary practices in British Columbia that offer food animal services are eligible for support to hire veterinary and registered veterinary technologist (RVT) students for work placements of 12 consecutive weeks or longer in 2024.
    • Read more about the program here.
  • The Ontario government is launching the Veterinary Incentive Program to encourage newly licensed veterinarians to practice in northern and underserviced communities. The program intake opens today and will provide grants of up to $50,000 over five years to veterinarians who provide care to livestock and poultry in these communities.
  • Dr. Jason Coe of the Ontario Veterinary College will conduct research related to these areas in the next 12 to 24 months as part of his ongoing research agenda and will make these studies available through the CVMA.
  • The CVMA-IRCC immigration webinars delivered in February and March 2023 presented specialized immigration programs for the Atlantic region and rural and remote regions across Canada.

  • The Canadian Council of Veterinary Registrars (CCVR) and the National Examining Board (NEB) are working on a new pathway to assess competencies for designated/species specific veterinary assessment and licensure for internationally-trained veterinarians.

    Milestones Target Date
    1. Secure platform set-up February 17, 2023
    2. Assessment and supervisory parameters established August 18, 2023
    3. Orientation modules ready for launch August 18, 2023
    4. Conduct pilot, validate tool September 6 to November 24, 2023
    5. Train administrator and assessors December 8, 2023
    6. Close-out December 20, 2023
  • The Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM)'s foreign-trained veterinarian swine residency certification program is expected to help address the shortage of swine veterinarians across Canada.
    • Read more about the program here.

  • The Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM) is offering additional Preliminary Surgical Assessment (PSA) and Clinical Proficiency Examination (CPE) seats in 2023. The NEB is also looking at other exam site options (e.g., the CVMA accredited veterinary technician colleges).
    • WCVM is looking at expanding its capacity to administer the CEP on behalf of NEB with the aim of becoming the National Testing Centre.
  • The University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM) is looking to implement a bridging program that will support candidate credentialing through the NEB clinical year option, pending funding approval.

  • As a result of the efforts of veterinary college deans, veterinary medical associations, and stakeholders, provincial funding has been secured for additional student seats:
    • The Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) at the University of Guelph is expanding its Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) program to train more veterinarians in partnership with Lakehead University. Read more here.
    • British Columbia is to fund an additional 20 seats
    • Alberta is to fund from 30-50 up to 100 seats
    • Manitoba is to fund an additional 5 seats
    • Saskatchewan is to fund an additional 5 seats
    • Quebec is to fund an additional 25 seats
    • The University of Calgary - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM) received provincial funding to address growing demand for vets, particularly in rural Alberta.
      • A ground-breaking ceremony was held at the university's Spy Hill campus on December 1, 2023 to mark the start of construction on the new Veterinary Learning Commons building. When complete, it will double veterinary medicine seats to 100.
      • Read more here.
    • The Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) applied for funding of an additional 20 seats
      • OVC will double the number of international students from 15 to 30 for fall 2023 and 2024 and is also now accepting students from the University of St. Georges and Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine.
    • The Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM) now has all 88 seats funded, and will conduct a study in the fall of 2023 to develop requirements for a 50% expansion.
      • Note: The funding from BC, MB, and SK does not increase the number of seats at WCVM but increases the number of funded seats.
    • The University of PEI, Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) is preparing proposal to fund 40% more seats to keep pace with the growth in the rest of Canada.
  •  The Manitoba Veterinary Medical Association (MBVMA) has sent a letter to the Manitoba provincial government requesting subsidization for eight (8) un-funded veterinary students at the WCVM. If successful, this request would not increase the total seats, but increase the funding for existing seats.
  • CVMA met with the Deans Council: Agriculture, Food and Veterinary Medicine on June 9, 2023 to update on the various workforce shortage priority pathways and the status of provincial commitments for seats at veterinary colleges.

  • The University of Saskatchewan and the University of Montreal are planning to introduce programs for foreign-trained veterinarians (FTV). These programs have been tailored to provide FTVs with the necessary education and certification to seek licensing at the provincial levels. 
  • The Department of Large Animal and Clinical Sciences at the University of Saskatchewan are establishing the Swine Medicine Advancement Recruitment and Training (SMART) program. This SMART program includes the Foreign-Trained Veterinarian (FTV) Swine Residency Certification Program. This program provides an alternative route for FTVs who are Canadian citizens or permanent residents and presently working in Canada to upgrade skills, achieve board certification in swine health management, and eligibility for VMA licensure in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba at this time. Please contact Dr. John Harding, SMART program director, at john.harding@usask.ca for more information.
  • The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV) of the Université de Montréal will introduce a new qualification program in veterinary medicine in 2024. This new program will lead to an attestation of qualification in veterinary medicine. It will allow veterinarians, who are Canadian citizens or permanent residents and who hold a degree from an educational institution that is not accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA), to complete a preparatory trimester and a year of clinical practice at the FVM by enrolling in the Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) program.

    • Candidates will then be eligible to take the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE). An application for licensure may subsequently be filed with the Ordre des médecins vétérinaires du Québec (OMVQ), after successful completion of the clinical year and the NAVLE.

    • Read more about the program here.

  • Dr. Jason Coe, DVM, of the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) has begun forwarding studies in these and other clinical practice management areas.
    • A number of research papers have now been authorized for free access by Dr. Coe and the American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA) that include topics such as, “Veterinary Technicians contribute to shared decision-making during companion animal veterinary practice,” 2022; and, “Discussion of costs continues to be uncommon in companion animal veterinary practice,” 2022.
    • These research articles will soon be posted on this landing page.
  • We will continue to identify and seek permission to post research articles specific to veterinary work and practices that impact attrition and retention.
  • Efforts will also be undertaken to share best practices in these areas from veterinary clinic owners and administrative managers.

  • The CVMA is reviewing wellness programs in other jurisdictions to determine practices and methods that could complement the current The Working Mind courses, Togetherall, Resource Hub, and Time to Talk programs. In terms of upcoming wellness activities:
    • The Working Mind courses: 8 courses are scheduled for 2023 with the first two sessions sold out.
    • Togetherall: An April 12, 2023, webinar promoted the platform and shared additional features of the platform such as assessments, educational resources, and tools for a variety of mental health topics with focus on anxiety and depression.
      • The CVMA will continue to promote Togetherall and explore opportunities such as booths at the CVMA and VMA conferences.
    • Merck Animal Health-CVMA Time to Talk about Mental Health in Veterinary Medicine Awareness Campaign: Two of the next three 2023 quarterly webinars have the CVMA Wellness Advisory Group (WAG) members as speakers.
    • Work is underway to develop a guidance document for veterinarians when approached for media interviews on mental health, particularly when sharing one’s own personal experience with mental health and illness.
    • The Veterinary Wellness Advisory Group has identified the need to understand the extent to which clinical practices and hospitals opt into provincial worker compensation insurance programs and the extent to which provincial injury insurance programs recognize psychological injuries.

  • CVMA has retained a government relations firm for a 1-year contract to undertake federal and provincial government relations work on behalf of CVMA. This is to advance workforce shortage issues, track and influence government policy, legislation and regulations related to the veterinary industry, and engage the media to elevate awareness and promote key messages. This government relations contract is scheduled to run from June 28, 2023 to June 28, 2024.

  • Workforce Shortage messaging has been amplified through the existing CVMA awareness campaign as of April, 2023.
    • The campaign includes social media promotion and messaging used in the recently successful Alberta Veterinary Medicine Association (ABVMA) “Every Name Deserves Care” public awareness campaign.

  • Veterinary sector stakeholders met during the June 2022 Veterinary Workforce Congress to collaborate on actions and pathways needed to advance the priority initiatives that will help resolve the workforce issues and improve workplace well-being in the short- (1-2 years), medium- (5 years), and longer-term (10+ years).
    • Read the full report here.
  • 2022 CVMA Summit on “Time for a Veterinary Workforce Paradigm Shift was held in conjunction with the 2022 CVMA Convention.

  • This study examined the current and future supply and demand balance for veterinary services across companion animal, food animal and equine sectors.
    • Read the study here.


July 2023

Related Links

2024

  1. MNP LLP – "The Economic Impacts of Veterinary Medicine in Canada" (61 pages)

2022 

  1. Vet Record – “Assessing owners’ readiness to change their behaviour to address their companion animal’s obesity” (9 pages)
  2. JAVMA – “Veterinary professionals’ weight-related communication when discussing an overweight or obese pet with a client” (10 pages) 
  3. AVMA – Pet owners’ and companion animal veterinarians’ perceptions of weight-related veterinarian-client communication” (7 pages).
  4. Vet record – “Exploring veterinary professionals’ perceptions of pet weight-related communication in companion animal veterinary practice” (12 pages).
  5. JAVMA – “Veterinary technicians contribute to shared decision-making during companion animal veterinary appointments” (8 pages).
  6. JAVMA – “Discussion of cost continues to be uncommon in companion animal veterinary practice” (9 pages).
  7. JAVMA – “Veterinarians’ use of the Talking Physical Exam as a communication tool” (8 pages).

2021

  1. Vet record – “Use of health parameter trends to communicate pet health information in companion animal practice: A mixed methods analysis” (11 pages).
  2. PLOS ONE – Pet owners’ and veterinarians’ perceptions of information exchange and clinical decision-making in companion animal practice” (19 pages).

2019

  1. Special Report – Evaluation of team effectiveness and personal empathy for associations with professional quality of life and job satisfaction in companion animal practice personnel” (14 pages).

2015

  1. Frontiers in Veterinary Science – “Exploring the Impact of Toxic Attitudes and a Toxic Environment on the Veterinary Healthcare Team” (9 pages).

 

Get Involved