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Found 57 records
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Acute diarrhea
Antimicrobial(s):
Antimicrobials not required.
For severely leukopenic horses:
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6. mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
3. Ceftiofur 2.2. mg/kg IM or IV q12h
If C. difficile toxin confirmed:
4. Metronidazole 15 - 20 mg/kg PO q 12h
C. perfringens is not treated specifically.
If Neorickettsia spp is suspected (see Potomac Horse Fever):
5. Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q 12h
For severely leukopenic horses:
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6. mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
3. Ceftiofur 2.2. mg/kg IM or IV q12h
If C. difficile toxin confirmed:
4. Metronidazole 15 - 20 mg/kg PO q 12h
C. perfringens is not treated specifically.
If Neorickettsia spp is suspected (see Potomac Horse Fever):
5. Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q 12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. I
5. III
2. II
3. I
4. I
5. III
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Arytenoid chondritis / granuloma
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Ampicillin sodium 20mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h or
COMBINED WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
4.Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with procaine pemicillin)
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5. Ceftiofur 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Ampicillin sodium 20mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h or
COMBINED WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
4.Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with procaine pemicillin)
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5. Ceftiofur 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Neonate (<2 weeks)
Disease Condition:
Aspiration pneumonia (meconium, milk)
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Ampicillin sodium 15-40 mg/kg IV q6-8h or
2. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q 6h or
COMBINED WITH EITHER
3. Amikacin 25 mg/kg IV or IM q 24h or
4. Gentamicin (< 2 weeks of age)- 12 mg/kg IV q36h (>2 weeks) 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
5. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IV or IM q6-12h
2. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q 6h or
COMBINED WITH EITHER
3. Amikacin 25 mg/kg IV or IM q 24h or
4. Gentamicin (< 2 weeks of age)- 12 mg/kg IV q36h (>2 weeks) 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
5. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IV or IM q6-12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Urinary
Disease Condition:
Bacterial cystitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 15- 30 mg/kg PO or IV q 12h or
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. I
2. II
3. I
4. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Eye
Disease Condition:
Bacterial keratitis - corneal ulcer
Antimicrobial(s):
Superficial ulceration. - topical administration:
ointment - 1/4 inch strip q6-8h
solution - 0.1-0.2 ml q6-8h
of:
1. Triple antibiotic (Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin) or
2. Gentamicin
More severe ulceration - topical:
ointment - 1/4 inch strip q2-4h
solution - 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
of:
3. Tobramycin
4. Ciprofloxacin
5. Ofloxacin
6. Chloramphenicol
Systemic treatment:
7. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
8. Doxycycline 10-20 mg/kg PO q 12h or
9. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h/ enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
ointment - 1/4 inch strip q6-8h
solution - 0.1-0.2 ml q6-8h
of:
1. Triple antibiotic (Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin) or
2. Gentamicin
More severe ulceration - topical:
ointment - 1/4 inch strip q2-4h
solution - 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
of:
3. Tobramycin
4. Ciprofloxacin
5. Ofloxacin
6. Chloramphenicol
Systemic treatment:
7. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
8. Doxycycline 10-20 mg/kg PO q 12h or
9. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h/ enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. III
7. II
8. III
9. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. III
7. II
8. III
9. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Reproductive
Disease Condition:
Bacterial orchitis / epididymitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Chloramphenicol 50mg/kg PO q 6-8h PO or
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
2. Chloramphenicol 50mg/kg PO q 6-8h PO or
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. III
3. I
2. III
3. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Cardiac
Disease Condition:
Bacterial pericarditis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV q24h or
4. Trimethoprim sulfonamide 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with penicillin procaine)
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h
If Mycoplasma:
6. Oxytetracycline 5-10 mg/kg IV q 12h or
7. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV q24h or
4. Trimethoprim sulfonamide 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with penicillin procaine)
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h
If Mycoplasma:
6. Oxytetracycline 5-10 mg/kg IV q 12h or
7. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
6. III
7. I
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
6. III
7. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Bacterial pneumonia, pleuropneumonia
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12
COMBINED WITH:
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not penicillin procaine) or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q2h4h or 5 mg/kg IV q24h
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5 Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12-24h or Ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
THE ABOVE MAY BE COMBINED WITH:
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
FOR CHRONIC TREATMENT OF PULMONARY ABSCESSES:
7. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q 6-8 h or
8. Rifampin 10 mg/kg PO q24h combined with penicillin or ceftiofur
FOR MYCOPLASMA:
9. Oxytetracycline 5-10 mg/kg IV q 12h or
10. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h
COMBINED WITH:
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not penicillin procaine) or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q2h4h or 5 mg/kg IV q24h
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5 Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12-24h or Ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
THE ABOVE MAY BE COMBINED WITH:
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
FOR CHRONIC TREATMENT OF PULMONARY ABSCESSES:
7. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q 6-8 h or
8. Rifampin 10 mg/kg PO q24h combined with penicillin or ceftiofur
FOR MYCOPLASMA:
9. Oxytetracycline 5-10 mg/kg IV q 12h or
10. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. I
7. III
8. I
9. III
10. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. I
7. III
8. I
9. III
10. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Nervous
Disease Condition:
Brain abscess
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulphadiazine 30 mg/kg IV q12h or
2. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q6-8h or
3. Rifampin 10 mg/kg PO q24h combined with ampicillin
penicillin
2. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q6-8h or
3. Rifampin 10 mg/kg PO q24h combined with ampicillin
penicillin
VDD Category:
1. II
2. III
3. I
2. III
3. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Skin
Disease Condition:
Cellulitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
or
2. Penicillin G (Na or K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
4. Ceftiofur sodium 2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24 h
ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
or
2. Penicillin G (Na or K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
4. Ceftiofur sodium 2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24 h
ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. I.
2. II
3. II
4. I.
Species:
Equine
System:
Liver
Disease Condition:
Cholangiohepatitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Ceftiofur 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h or
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5.5 mg/kg IV or
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
5. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h
For Anaerobic bacteria:
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
OR THE COMBINATION THERAPY
7. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
8. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
2. Ceftiofur 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h or
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5.5 mg/kg IV or
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
5. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h
For Anaerobic bacteria:
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
OR THE COMBINATION THERAPY
7. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
8. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
VDD Category:
1.II
2. I
3. I
4. II
5. II
6. I
7. II
8. II
2. I
3. I
4. II
5. II
6. I
7. II
8. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Liver
Disease Condition:
Cholelithiasis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Ceftiofur 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24 h or
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5.5 mg/kg IV or
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
5. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h
For Anaerobic bacteria:
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
OR THE COMBINATION THERAPY
7. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
8. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV
2. Ceftiofur 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24 h or
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5.5 mg/kg IV or
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
5. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h
For Anaerobic bacteria:
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
OR THE COMBINATION THERAPY
7. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
8. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV
VDD Category:
1.II
2. I
3. I
4. II
5. II
6. I
7. II
8. II
2. I
3. I
4. II
5. II
6. I
7. II
8. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Wounds
Disease Condition:
Clostridial myonecrosis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
2. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q8h
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
2. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q8h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
2. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)
Antimicrobial(s):
Antibiotic therapy is usually not indicated as most cases are mild.
1. Metronidazole 10mg/kg PO q12h if <10 days of age, then 15 mg/kg PO q12h
WITH
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV q 6-8h or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IV or IM q6-12h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin 25 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IV q24h
1. Metronidazole 10mg/kg PO q12h if <10 days of age, then 15 mg/kg PO q12h
WITH
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV q 6-8h or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IV or IM q6-12h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin 25 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. II
6. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. II
6. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Skin
Disease Condition:
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (pigeon fever)
Antimicrobial(s):
For external abscess:
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Penicillin G procaine 20,000 IU/kg IM q12 h or
3. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q 24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
For internal abscesses:
3. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h or
4.Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h/ Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
OR, THE COMBINATION THERAPY
5. Rifampin 5mg/kg PO q12h
WITH
6. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2. mg/kg q12h IV or IM
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Penicillin G procaine 20,000 IU/kg IM q12 h or
3. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q 24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
For internal abscesses:
3. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h or
4.Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h/ Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
OR, THE COMBINATION THERAPY
5. Rifampin 5mg/kg PO q12h
WITH
6. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2. mg/kg q12h IV or IM
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Skin
Disease Condition:
Dermatophilosis (rain scald / rot)
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G procaine 20,000 /kg IU IM q12h or
2. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q 12h
2. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q 12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
2. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Uterus
Disease Condition:
Endometritis
Antimicrobial(s):
Only treat with antibiotics when there is clinical and diagnostic evidence for treatment:
Commonly used Intra-uterine antibiotics (administered during estrus) in 60 ml of saline or LRS:
1. Penicillin G sodium 5 million units q24h
2. Ampicillin 3g q24h
3. Gentamicin sulfate 1-2 g - buffer with NaHCO3 q24h
4. Amikacin Sulfate 1-2g buffer with NaHCO3 q24h
5. Ceftiofur sodium 1g q24h
Systemic treatment can be administered regardless of time of cycle:
MONOTHERAPY WITH:
6. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY:
7 Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
8. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH:
9. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
OR MONOTHERAPY FOR S. zooepidemicus
10. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
Commonly used Intra-uterine antibiotics (administered during estrus) in 60 ml of saline or LRS:
1. Penicillin G sodium 5 million units q24h
2. Ampicillin 3g q24h
3. Gentamicin sulfate 1-2 g - buffer with NaHCO3 q24h
4. Amikacin Sulfate 1-2g buffer with NaHCO3 q24h
5. Ceftiofur sodium 1g q24h
Systemic treatment can be administered regardless of time of cycle:
MONOTHERAPY WITH:
6. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY:
7 Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
8. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH:
9. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
OR MONOTHERAPY FOR S. zooepidemicus
10. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
6. II
7. II
8. II
9. II
10. I
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
6. II
7. II
8. II
9. II
10. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Systemic
Disease Condition:
Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA)
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q24h or Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q24h for 2 days followed by
2. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 7-10 days
2. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 7-10 days
VDD Category:
1. III
2. III
2. III
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Equine proliferative enteropathy
Antimicrobial(s):
In foal < 250 kg:
1. Clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Azithromycin 10 mg/kg PO q24h for 5 days then q48h
WITH/WITHOUT
3. Rifampin 5 - 10 mg/kg PO q12-24h or
In older foals to yearlings:
4. Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q12h for 5 days followed by
5. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 10-14 days or
6. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q8h for 10-14 days
1. Clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Azithromycin 10 mg/kg PO q24h for 5 days then q48h
WITH/WITHOUT
3. Rifampin 5 - 10 mg/kg PO q12-24h or
In older foals to yearlings:
4. Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q12h for 5 days followed by
5. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 10-14 days or
6. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q8h for 10-14 days
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. III
5. III
6. III
2. II
3. I
4. III
5. III
6. III
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Foal diarrhea
Antimicrobial(s):
Most cases of foal diarrhe are mild and do not require antimicrobial treatment which should be reserved for when there is evidence of sepsis.
1. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Cefazolin 25 mg/kg IV q6-8h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
1. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Cefazolin 25 mg/kg IV q6-8h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Eye
Disease Condition:
Foreign body penetration
Antimicrobial(s):
Topical:
ointment - 1/4 inch strip q2-4h
solution - 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
1. Gentamicin
2. Tobramycin
3. Ciprofloxacin
Systemic antibiotics:
MONOTHERAPY
4. Trimethoprim sulfa 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
6. Penicillin sodium 20,000 IU/kg IV q6h
Penicillin procaine 20,000 IU/kg IM q 2 h
COMBINED WITH
7. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q 24h or
8. Trimethoprim sulfa 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
9. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5 mg/kg IV q24h
ointment - 1/4 inch strip q2-4h
solution - 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
1. Gentamicin
2. Tobramycin
3. Ciprofloxacin
Systemic antibiotics:
MONOTHERAPY
4. Trimethoprim sulfa 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
6. Penicillin sodium 20,000 IU/kg IV q6h
Penicillin procaine 20,000 IU/kg IM q 2 h
COMBINED WITH
7. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q 24h or
8. Trimethoprim sulfa 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
9. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5 mg/kg IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. I
6. II
7. II
8. II
9. I
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. I
6. II
7. II
8. II
9. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Eye
Disease Condition:
Fungal keratitis
Antimicrobial(s):
Topical antifungals:
1. Clotrimazole 1% solution 0.1-0.2ml q2-4h
2. Miconazole 1% solution 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
3. Itraconazole 1% in 30% DMSO 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
4. Voriconazole 1% solution in sterile water, 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
5. Silver sulphadiazene 1% ointment 1/4 - 1/2 inch strip q6-12h
Systemic antifungals:
1. Fluconazole 14 mg/kg PO once then, 5 mg/kg PO q24h
1. Clotrimazole 1% solution 0.1-0.2ml q2-4h
2. Miconazole 1% solution 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
3. Itraconazole 1% in 30% DMSO 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
4. Voriconazole 1% solution in sterile water, 0.1-0.2 ml q2-4h
5. Silver sulphadiazene 1% ointment 1/4 - 1/2 inch strip q6-12h
Systemic antifungals:
1. Fluconazole 14 mg/kg PO once then, 5 mg/kg PO q24h
VDD Category:
N/A
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Guttural pouch empyema
Antimicrobial(s):
Local instillation of antibiotics into the guttural pouches is used for horses who are carriers of the bacterium:
A 50 ml mixture is prepared by heat dissolving 2g of gelatin in 40ml of sterile water and then allowing it to cool to 45ºC. Add 10 million IU of sodium benzyl penicillin (penicillin G) that has been reconstituted with 10ml of sterile water. Ideally store the mixture at 4ºC overnight to allow the gel to set. Instill about 25 ml of the mixture into each affected pouch.
Systemic antibiotic treatment is rarely needed (see comments)
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h or Ceftior crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
A 50 ml mixture is prepared by heat dissolving 2g of gelatin in 40ml of sterile water and then allowing it to cool to 45ºC. Add 10 million IU of sodium benzyl penicillin (penicillin G) that has been reconstituted with 10ml of sterile water. Ideally store the mixture at 4ºC overnight to allow the gel to set. Instill about 25 ml of the mixture into each affected pouch.
Systemic antibiotic treatment is rarely needed (see comments)
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h or Ceftior crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
2. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Guttural pouch mycosis
Antimicrobial(s):
Itraconazole 5 mg/kg PO q24h
Voriconazole 3 mg/kg PO q 12h
Voriconazole 3 mg/kg PO q 12h
VDD Category:
N/A
Species:
Equine
System:
Liver
Disease Condition:
Hepatic abscess
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12h or
4. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
5. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5.5 mg/kg IV
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12h or
4. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
5. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or 5.5 mg/kg IV
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. I
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Idiopathic or primary peritonitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH:
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h
WITH/WITHOUT
4. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH:
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h
WITH/WITHOUT
4. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. I
2. II
3. I
4. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Cardiac
Disease Condition:
Infective endocarditis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with penicillin procaine) or
4. Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24 h / Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg q 12 h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with penicillin procaine) or
4. Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24 h / Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h
OR THE MONOTHERAPY
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg q 12 h or
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Urinary
Disease Condition:
Leptospirosis - acute renal failure
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h or Minocycline 4 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12h
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q6-8h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12h
VDD Category:
1. III
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Systemic
Disease Condition:
Lyme Disease
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q24h for 1 week followed by
2. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks or
3. Minocycline 4 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
2. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks or
3. Minocycline 4 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks
2. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks or
3. Minocycline 4 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
2. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks or
3. Minocycline 4 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks
VDD Category:
1. III
2. III
3. III
2. III
3. III
Species:
Equine
System:
Reproductive
Disease Condition:
Mastitis
Antimicrobial(s):
Local therapy:
Use short-life lactating cow formulations to allow for frequent milking. Beta-lactams would be an appropriate choice.
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h for 5-7 days or until 24h after resolution of signs
Use short-life lactating cow formulations to allow for frequent milking. Beta-lactams would be an appropriate choice.
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h for 5-7 days or until 24h after resolution of signs
VDD Category:
1. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Nervous
Disease Condition:
Meningitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulphadiazine 30 mg/kg IV q12h or
2. Ampicillin 15-40 mg/kg IV q6-8h
WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg q24h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
2. Ampicillin 15-40 mg/kg IV q6-8h
WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg q24h or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Neurologic disease
Disease Condition:
Meningitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Ceftriaxone 25 mg/kg IV q12h or
2. Cefotaxime 50-100 mg/kg IV q6h or
3. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q6-8h or
4. Trimethoprim sulphadiazine 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
5. Ampicillin 15-40 mg/kg IV q6-8h or
6. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q 6h
COMBINED WITH
7. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
2. Cefotaxime 50-100 mg/kg IV q6h or
3. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q6-8h or
4. Trimethoprim sulphadiazine 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
5. Ampicillin 15-40 mg/kg IV q6-8h or
6. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q 6h
COMBINED WITH
7. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
VDD Category:
1. I
2. I
3. III
4. II
5. II
6. II
7. II
2. I
3. III
4. II
5. II
6. II
7. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Metronidazole 10mg/kg PO q12h if <10 days of age then 15 mg/kg PO q12h
WITH
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV q 6-8h or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IV or IM q6-12h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin 25 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IV q24h
WITH
2. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV q 6-8h or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IV or IM q6-12h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin 25 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. II
6. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. II
6. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Uterus
Disease Condition:
Placentitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
THE COMBINATION THERAPY
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
THE COMBINATION THERAPY
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
WITH
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
2. II
3. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Pneumonia - Foal
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q12 IV or IM or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
4. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
5. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q24h or ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q 96h or
6. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q12 IV or IM or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
4. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
5. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q24h or ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q 96h or
6. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Pneumonia - Neonate (<2 weeks)
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
2. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Cefazolin 25 mg/kg IV q6-8h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h (recommended) or
6. Gentamicin (< 2 weeks of age)- 12 mg/kg IV q36h
(>2 weeks) 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
2. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
4. Cefazolin 25 mg/kg IV q6-8h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h (recommended) or
6. Gentamicin (< 2 weeks of age)- 12 mg/kg IV q36h
(>2 weeks) 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
VDD Category:
1. I
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Potomac Horse Fever
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg IV q12 -24h
VDD Category:
1. III
Species:
Equine
System:
Gastrointestinal
Disease Condition:
Proximal enteritis / duodenitis-proximal jejunitis
Antimicrobial(s):
If horse is leukopenic and/or increasing liver enzymes:
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
2. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Wounds
Disease Condition:
Puncture wounds
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IM or IV q6-8h
COMBINED WITH
4. Gentamicin 6.6. mg/kg IM or IV q24h
or
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not combined with penicillin procaine)
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h
If wound is on the distal aspect of the limb or if fecal contamination is likely ADD
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q8h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
6. I
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. I
6. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Urinary
Disease Condition:
Pyelonephritis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 15- 30 mg/kg PO or IV q 12h or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12h or
THE COMBINATION THERAPY
3. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12h or
THE COMBINATION THERAPY
3. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h or Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. I
2. I
3. II
4. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Skin
Disease Condition:
Pyoderma / bacterial folliculitis
Antimicrobial(s):
Systemic antimicrobials are only used in severe cases:
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Penicillin G procaine 22,000 IM q12 h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h / ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q 96h
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Penicillin G procaine 22,000 IM q12 h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h / ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q 96h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
2. II
3. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Uterus
Disease Condition:
Retained placenta
Antimicrobial(s):
MONOTHERAPY WITH:
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY:
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH:
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY:
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH:
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Systemic
Disease Condition:
Rhodococcus equi pneumonia arthritis osteomyelitis internal abscessation
Antimicrobial(s):
If determined by ultrasound examination that the abscess is <10cm, antibiotics may not be necessary
1. Clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Azithromycin 10 mg/kg PO q24h for 5 days then q48h thereafter
WITH/WITHOUT
3. Rifampin 5-10 mg/kg PO q12-24h or
4. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h
WITH
3. Rifampin 5 mg/kg PO q12h
1. Clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Azithromycin 10 mg/kg PO q24h for 5 days then q48h thereafter
WITH/WITHOUT
3. Rifampin 5-10 mg/kg PO q12-24h or
4. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h
WITH
3. Rifampin 5 mg/kg PO q12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. III
2. II
3. I
4. III
Species:
Equine
System:
Systemic
Disease Condition:
Sepsis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h (recommended) or
2. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
3. Cefazolin 25 mg/kg IV q6-8h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
4. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h (recommended) or
5. Gentamicin (< 2 weeks of age)- 12 mg/kg IV q36h
(>2 weeks) 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
6. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
2. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
3. Cefazolin 25 mg/kg IV q6-8h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
4. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h (recommended) or
5. Gentamicin (< 2 weeks of age)- 12 mg/kg IV q36h
(>2 weeks) 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h or
MONOTHERAPY WITH
6. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. I
2. II
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Musculoskeletal
Disease Condition:
Septic arthritis physitis osteomyelitis
Antimicrobial(s):
Intrasynovial antibiotic therapy:
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg
2. Gentamicin 150-500 mg
3. Cefazolin 250-500 mg
4. Ceftiofur sodium 150 mg
Regional intravenous limb perfusion (RIVLP):
(a rough guide is 1/3 of the systemic dose)
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg for smaller areas (digits) /2-2.5g for distal limb
2. Gentamicin 100-300mg
3. Ceftiofur sodium 1-2g
5. Na Penicillin 10 million units (can be combined with an aminoglycoside)
Systemic antibiotics
1. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
COMBINED WITH EITHER
4. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
5. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IM or IV q12h or
6. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg
2. Gentamicin 150-500 mg
3. Cefazolin 250-500 mg
4. Ceftiofur sodium 150 mg
Regional intravenous limb perfusion (RIVLP):
(a rough guide is 1/3 of the systemic dose)
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg for smaller areas (digits) /2-2.5g for distal limb
2. Gentamicin 100-300mg
3. Ceftiofur sodium 1-2g
5. Na Penicillin 10 million units (can be combined with an aminoglycoside)
Systemic antibiotics
1. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
3. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
COMBINED WITH EITHER
4. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
5. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
2. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg IM or IV q12h or
6. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
VDD Category:
Systemic antibiotics
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. II
6. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Oral
Disease Condition:
Septic sialoadenitis
Antimicrobial(s):
MONOTHERAPY WITH
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
3. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH EITHER:
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
WITH/WITHOUT
5. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
3. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH EITHER:
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
WITH/WITHOUT
5. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. I
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Wounds
Disease Condition:
Septic synovial structures
Antimicrobial(s):
Intrasynovial antibiotic therapy:
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg
2. Gentamicin 150-500 mg
3. Cefazolin 250-500 mg
4. Ceftiofur sodium 150 mg
5. Penicillin G sodium 2-5 million IU
Regional intravenous limb perfusion (RIVLP):
(a rough guide is 1/3 of the systemic dose)
Dilute in 0.9% saline or lactated ringers solution
Volumes are 30-50 ml for smaller areas (digit) to 60 ml or larger for areas such as the carpus/tarsus and 100ml for the distal limb
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg for smaller areas (digits) /2-2.5g for distal limb
2. Gentamicin 100-300mg
3. Ceftiofur sodium 1-2g
5. Na Penicillin 10 million units (can be combined with an aminoglycoside)
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg
2. Gentamicin 150-500 mg
3. Cefazolin 250-500 mg
4. Ceftiofur sodium 150 mg
5. Penicillin G sodium 2-5 million IU
Regional intravenous limb perfusion (RIVLP):
(a rough guide is 1/3 of the systemic dose)
Dilute in 0.9% saline or lactated ringers solution
Volumes are 30-50 ml for smaller areas (digit) to 60 ml or larger for areas such as the carpus/tarsus and 100ml for the distal limb
1. Amikacin 500-1000mg for smaller areas (digits) /2-2.5g for distal limb
2. Gentamicin 100-300mg
3. Ceftiofur sodium 1-2g
5. Na Penicillin 10 million units (can be combined with an aminoglycoside)
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Cardiac
Disease Condition:
Septic thrombophlebitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO q12h or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12-24h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
3. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM q24h or
WITH/WITHOUT:
5. Metronidazole 20-25 mg/kg PO q12h
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12-24h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
3. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM q24h or
WITH/WITHOUT:
5. Metronidazole 20-25 mg/kg PO q12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. I
2. I
3. II
4. II
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Sinusitis
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h or
Ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
They may be combined with:
4. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
In refractory cases or those with osteomyelitis:
5. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h or
6. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q6h
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM or IV q12-24h or
Ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
They may be combined with:
4. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
In refractory cases or those with osteomyelitis:
5. Doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q12h or
6. Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q6h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. I
3. II
4. I
5. III
6. III
2. I
3. II
4. I
5. III
6. III
Species:
Equine
System:
Oral
Disease Condition:
Stomatitis / glossitis
Antimicrobial(s):
Sodium iodide 20% - 150 ml IV for a single treatment and
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Ampicillin 20 mg/kg IV q8-12h
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Ampicillin 20 mg/kg IV q8-12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
2. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Respiratory
Disease Condition:
Strangles
Antimicrobial(s):
Local instillation of antibiotics into the guttural pouches is used for horses who are carriers of the bacterium:
A 50 ml mixture is prepared by heat dissolving 2g of gelatin in 40ml of sterile water and then allowing it to cool to 45º C. Add 10 million IU of sodium benzyl penicillin (penicillin G) that has been reconstituted with 10ml of sterile water. Ideally store the mixture at 4ºC overnight to allow the gel to set. Instill about 25 ml of the mixture into each affected pouch.
FOR SYSTEMIC TREATMENT SEE INDICATIONS IN COMMENTS:
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12-24h or ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
FOR METASTATIC ABSCESSES:
4. Penicillin G (Na, K) 44,000 IU/kg IV q6h initially for 3 days followed by Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q24h
COMBINED WITH
6. Rifampin 10 mg/kg PO q24h have been used successfully
A 50 ml mixture is prepared by heat dissolving 2g of gelatin in 40ml of sterile water and then allowing it to cool to 45º C. Add 10 million IU of sodium benzyl penicillin (penicillin G) that has been reconstituted with 10ml of sterile water. Ideally store the mixture at 4ºC overnight to allow the gel to set. Instill about 25 ml of the mixture into each affected pouch.
FOR SYSTEMIC TREATMENT SEE INDICATIONS IN COMMENTS:
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
2. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q12-24h or ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q96h
FOR METASTATIC ABSCESSES:
4. Penicillin G (Na, K) 44,000 IU/kg IV q6h initially for 3 days followed by Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12 or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM q24h
COMBINED WITH
6. Rifampin 10 mg/kg PO q24h have been used successfully
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. I
6. I
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. I
6. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Wounds
Disease Condition:
Superficial wounds
Antimicrobial(s):
Cleaning with a biocide such as 0.5%chlorhexidine may be sufficient in many cases
Topical antibiotic:
Silver sulfadiazine 1% applied daily.
Triple antibiotic (Polymyxin B, Bacitracin, Neomycin)
Systemic antibiotics are often not needed depending on location:
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
AND/OR
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h / ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q 96h
Topical antibiotic:
Silver sulfadiazine 1% applied daily.
Triple antibiotic (Polymyxin B, Bacitracin, Neomycin)
Systemic antibiotics are often not needed depending on location:
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h
AND/OR
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h / ceftiofur crystalline free acid 6.6 mg/kg IM q 96h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
2. II
3. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Skin
Disease Condition:
Thermal injuries: Burns and Frostbite
Antimicrobial(s):
No systemic antibiotics should be used unless there is evidence of sepsis
Topical antibiotics:
1. Silver sulfadiazine q24h
If signs of sepsis occur:
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH:
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
Topical antibiotics:
1. Silver sulfadiazine q24h
If signs of sepsis occur:
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
2. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h or
3. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg IV or IM q 6-8h
COMBINED WITH:
4. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
VDD Category:
Topical antibiotic:
1. III
Systemic
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
1. III
Systemic
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. II
Species:
Equine
System:
Oral
Disease Condition:
Tooth extraction
Antimicrobial(s):
Prophylactic antibiotics should only be used if the patient is at risk for complication due to transient bacteremia during extraction.
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
WITH EITHER:
2. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not penicillin procaine) or
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
WITH/WITHOUT
4. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
WITH EITHER:
2. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not penicillin procaine) or
3. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
WITH/WITHOUT
4. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
VDD Category:
1.II
2. II
3. II
4. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Urogenital
Disease Condition:
Umbilical remnant infection
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h or
COMBINATION THERAPY
2. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
4. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
For infections associated with internal abscesses:
7. Chloramphenicol 25-50 mg/kg IV q6h or
Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q8h
WITH or WITHOUT
8. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
COMBINATION THERAPY
2. Ampicillin sodium 25 mg/kg IV q6h or
3. Ceftiofur sodium 5-10 mg/kg q6-12 IV or IM or
4. Penicillin sodium 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h
COMBINED WITH EITHER
5. Amikacin sulphate 25 mg/kg IV q24h or
6. Gentamicin 6.6 mg/kg IV or IM q24h
For infections associated with internal abscesses:
7. Chloramphenicol 25-50 mg/kg IV q6h or
Chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q8h
WITH or WITHOUT
8. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. II
6. II
7. III
8. I
2. II
3. I
4. II
5. II
6. II
7. III
8. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Wounds
Disease Condition:
Wounds involving bone
Antimicrobial(s):
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6. mg/kg IM or IV q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h or
4. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h
If wound is on the distal aspect of the limb or if fecal contamination is likely ADD
5. Metronidazole 20-25 mg/kg PO q8h
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6. mg/kg IM or IV q24h
OR MONOTHERAPY WITH
3. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h or
4. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h
If wound is on the distal aspect of the limb or if fecal contamination is likely ADD
5. Metronidazole 20-25 mg/kg PO q8h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. I
4. I
5. I
2. II
3. I
4. I
5. I
Species:
Equine
System:
Wounds
Disease Condition:
Wounds over synovial structures ( joints / bursae)
Antimicrobial(s):
See intrasynovial antibiotic therapy and regional intravenous limb perfusion.
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6. mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with penicillin procaine) or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h
If wound is on the distal aspect of the limb or if fecal contamination is likely ADD
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q8h
1. Penicillin G (Na, K) 22,000 IU/kg IV q6h or
Penicillin G (procaine) 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h
COMBINED WITH
2. Gentamicin 6.6. mg/kg IM or IV q24h or
3. Trimethoprim sulpha 30 mg/kg PO or IV q12h (not with penicillin procaine) or
4. Enrofloxacin 7.5 mg/kg PO q24h / Enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg IV q24h or
5. Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IV or IM q 12-24h
If wound is on the distal aspect of the limb or if fecal contamination is likely ADD
6. Metronidazole 15-20 mg/kg PO q8h
VDD Category:
1. II
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. I
2. II
3. II
4. I
5. I
6. I